Upper Mustang Trek (4,000m)

Starting Point: Jomsom
Ending Point: Jomsom
Trek Region: Annapurna
Mode of Transport: Flight
Duration: 17 Days
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Maximum Altitude: 4010 m / 13156 ft (Nyi La Pass)
Accommodation: Teahouse

Upper Mustang Trek Highlights

– Visit the revered Muktinath Temple, an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists and Hindus.
– Cross the Teri La Pass, which connects Manang with Upper Mustang.
– Hike through remote regions devoid of human habitation.
– Camp in wilderness areas for most of the trek.
– Immerse yourself in history by exploring Lo Manthang and the ancient king’s palace.
– Witness the stunning sandy terrain and unique rock formations.
– Experience trekking in a rain shadow area, free from monsoon rainfall.
– Feel a spiritual connection while passing numerous gompas, chortens, caves, and fluttering prayer flags.
– Observe the Tibetan influence in the local culture and daily life.
– Enjoy captivating views of Nilgiri, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, and other mountain ranges.
– Absorb the spirituality of Tibetan-like locals and monks surrounded by prayer flags.
– Engage with the vibrant culture, enduring traditions, and unique lifestyles of the local people.
– See whitewashed castles, historic chortens adorned with colorful prayer flags, and picturesque farmlands.
– Explore Pokhara, a charming city known for its lakes, caves, temples, and waterfalls.
– Learn about the enduring lifestyles of local farmers, herders, and traders who have lived this way for generations.
– Reflect on the challenges faced by ancient traders along the historic trade routes between Tibet and Nepal.
– Visit Chhoser and its mysterious sky caves.
– Explore Kagbeni’s covered alleyways featuring unique clay effigies.
– Witness the Kali Gandaki Gorge, one of the deepest gorges in the world.
– Walk through apple orchards, pine forests, high rock canyons, and desolate lands.

A Unique High-Altitude Adventure

This trek takes you above 3,000 m / 9,842.5 ft for most days, with several nights spent over 4,000 m / 13,123 ft. The route includes areas with no settlements, leaving you with only your experienced trekking team for company.

Upper Mustang Trek

The Upper Mustang region of Nepal holds immense mythical and natural significance. It is often referred to as the Forbidden Kingdom of Nepal.

This trek begins in Kagbeni, the entry point to Upper Mustang, and traverses a dramatic terrain located in the rain shadow of the Dhaulagiri massif. The journey leads to Lo-Manthang, the historic seat of the former Kings of the Kingdom of Lo. Along the way, trekkers explore the hidden Buddhist world of the Mustang Kingdom, also known as Lo.

This remote trans-Himalayan area lies near the Tibetan border, reflecting a strong Tibetan influence in its people, culture, and the distinctive arid landscape, which is marked by towering cliffs and uniquely colored rock formations. The region falls under a restricted trekking zone, which previously prohibited entry to foreigners. Today, visitors are allowed to explore this remarkable place, but only after obtaining a special permit.

Specific requirements must be met to embark on this trek, which partially follows the ancient salt trading route. However, the journey into the restricted area of Upper Mustang offers an unforgettable experience that remains etched in one’s memory.

What Makes the Upper Mustang Trek Unique

The Upper Mustang Trek stands out as a unique experience where trekkers can immerse themselves in the contrasting diversity of landscape, nature, and culture. Unlike other treks in Nepal, which often focus on breathtaking scenery, this trek offers an unparalleled cultural journey.

The trail takes you deep into the remote Trans-Himalayan region of the semi-autonomous Tibetan Kingdom. This adventure includes trekking through a semi-arid desert with vibrant rock formations, deep gorges, and snow-capped peaks surrounding you. Upper Mustang seamlessly blends history, culture, myth, and legend with awe-inspiring scenery. Its rich and intricate history makes it one of Nepal’s most fascinating destinations.

The landscape of Lo, the heart of Mustang, resembles the Tibetan plateau, characterized by vast stretches of yellow and grey rolling hills shaped by the wind. While the lower regions receive more rain, their hills often appear as striking red fluted cliffs made of tiny stones bound by mud. Villages, scattered several hours apart, often appear like mirages in the distance. During the summer, after the crops have been planted, these villages transform into lush green oases amid the desert-like terrain.

Trekkers will also encounter the Himalayan desert, ancient caves, and Nepal’s last village near the border with China. The Upper Mustang Trek offers a memorable walking experience filled with cultural and natural treasures, complemented by breathtaking views of Nilgiri, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, and other majestic peaks.

The trek provides opportunities to explore ancient caves, intricate rock paintings, historic monasteries, and gompas. Visitors can gain insight into the local culture and also visit an amchi (traditional Tibetan doctor) museum and school, where they can learn about this ancient healing practice and its modern applications. The Mustang region is rich in untouched Tibetan Buddhist culture, showcased through ancient monasteries, traditional villages, and cliffside cave dwellings.

A highlight of the trek is the walled city of Lo Manthang, the capital of the region. With its stunning architecture and vibrant traditions, the city feels more authentically Tibetan than the modern Chinese-controlled Tibet. This area remains largely untouched by modernization, offering trekkers a chance to marvel at its pristine natural environment, colorful prayer flags, ancient chortens, and traditional whitewashed homes.

The Historic Route and Lo La Pass

The trek follows an ancient salt trading route. As you approach Lo La Pass, you will catch glimpses of the historic city of Lo Manthang in the distance. Along the way, trekkers encounter long rows of prayer wheels, unmarked chortens, and herds of animals grazing in the fields.

Lo Manthang: The Kingdom of the Himalayas

Lo Manthang, the capital of Upper Mustang, translates to “walled city” in Tibetan. Surrounded by fortified walls, this city exudes a mythical and spiritual aura. The traditional houses and ancient monasteries enhance its mystical charm. Remarkably, the city still has a king, and the locals continue to preserve their age-old customs and traditions.

Key landmarks include the iconic Namgyal Monastery, the King’s palace, and Tingkhar, the last significant village in the northwest of the region. These locations offer deeper insights into the cultural fabric of the area. Lo Manthang also hosts the celebrated Tiji Festival, adding to its cultural allure.

A few hours’ trek from Lo Manthang leads to Gyakar and the renowned Ghar Gompa, a 1,200-year-old monastery dedicated to Guru Rinpoche. The Gompa is famous for its ancient rock paintings and a local belief that making a wish here ensures its fulfillment.

The Upper Mustang Trek is more than a journey; it’s an exploration of history, culture, and natural beauty, offering an unforgettable experience in one of Nepal’s most extraordinary regions.

Ancient Hill Caves and Southern Mountain Views

The village of Upper Mustang is often referred to as “the village beyond mountains.” While most of the mountains in the region lie to the north, trekkers will find the unique sight of mountains in the southern direction—a feature distinctive to this area.

The hill caves of Upper Mustang are both cultural and natural wonders. These caves, carved into the hillsides, were once used as shelters during periods of famine and war. They also served as meditation retreats for holy gurus and rinpoches, further adding to their spiritual significance.

The Tiji Festival

The Tiji Festival is the most celebrated event in the Upper Mustang region. Held annually, it typically takes place in May, though the exact dates vary each year. If you want to experience this vibrant festival, plan your trek to coincide with this period.

The Tiji Festival commemorates the triumph of truth and virtue over evil. According to local mythology, a demon once threatened to destroy the entire region. To protect the land, Dorje Jono, the demon’s son, called upon the gods and ultimately defeated the demon. This victory is celebrated with colorful dances and the chanting of mantras. Attending the Tiji Festival offers an exceptional opportunity to witness the traditions and rituals of Nepalese people of Tibetan descent.

Kaligandaki River, Gorge, and Fossils (Shaligram)

The Kaligandaki River and its gorge are world-renowned landmarks. The gorge is recognized as the deepest in the world, making it a natural marvel. Along the riverbanks, you can find fossils called Shaligram, which are considered sacred by both Hindus and Buddhists. These fossils are believed to be incarnations of Lord Vishnu and hold significant spiritual value.

The Upper Mustang Trek provides an opportunity to connect with these sacred elements, offering spiritual awakening through the perspectives of both Buddhist and Hindu traditions. Witnessing the mighty Kaligandaki River, the awe-inspiring gorge, and the revered fossils is an unforgettable aspect of this journey.

General Route Overview

The Upper Mustang Trek via Muktinath begins with a scenic journey from Kathmandu to Pokhara. Along the way, you will witness breathtaking mountain views, ancient settlements, terraced farmlands, and the rushing waters of the Trishuli and Marsyandi Rivers. The next day, a flight from Pokhara to Jomsom marks the start of the trekking adventure. Upon arrival in Jomsom, the hike begins with a trek to Kagbeni, where you will spend your first night.

From Kagbeni, the route leads to Chele, passing through stunning landscapes. The journey continues to Syangboche, passing through Eklo Bhatti and the Taklam High Pass. The trek from Syangboche to Ghami involves crossing the Yamada La Pass, a barren terrain dotted with small villages like Geling, Tamagaun, and eventually Ghami. The next highlight of the trek is Ghar Gumba, a site of cultural and spiritual significance.

After Ghar Gumba, you will head toward Lo Manthang, the cultural and historical centerpiece of the trek. Along the way, enjoy spectacular views of Annapurna I, Nilgiri, Tilicho, and Brikuti mountains. The descent begins from Lo Manthang to Yara, followed by a trek to Tangye. From Tangye, the journey continues to Chhusang, and then to Muktinath.

Muktinath, a sacred pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Buddhists, is renowned for its 108 stone spouts and spiritual ambiance. The trek concludes with a return to Jomsom, from where you will take an early morning flight back to Pokhara. Finally, a tourist bus will take you to Kathmandu, marking the end of the Upper Mustang Trek Itinerary.

Requirements for the Upper Mustang Trek

The Upper Mustang Trek has specific requirements that differentiate it from regular trekking destinations in Nepal.

1. Group Requirement: Solo trekking is not allowed in this region. Trekkers must be in a group of at least two people.
2. Trekking Agency: The trek must be organized through a licensed trekking agency in Nepal. Independent trekking is strictly prohibited.
3. Permits: A special immigration permit is required, issued by the Immigration Department of Nepal’s Foreign Ministry. Additionally, trekkers must obtain an ACAP (Annapurna Conservation Area Project) Permit and a TIMS (Trekkers’ Information Management System) Card.
4. Licensed Guide: Only licensed trekking guides approved by the Nepal Government are allowed to accompany trekkers in this restricted region.

These requirements ensure the safety and conservation of the unique cultural and natural heritage of the Upper Mustang region.

Upper Mustang Trek Itinerary

Day 01: Arrival in Kathmandu and Transfer to Hotel

Upon your arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA), a representative from Nepal High Trek & Expedition Pvt. Ltd. will warmly greet you and extend a heartfelt welcome to Nepal. You will then be escorted to your hotel, ensuring a smooth and comfortable transfer.

In the evening, our guide will meet with you to discuss the details and itinerary of the Upper Mustang Trek. This orientation will provide you with important information and prepare you for the adventure ahead. The day concludes with a delightful dinner, offering a perfect opportunity to savor Nepalese cuisine and connect with the team.

Day 02: Sightseeing in Kathmandu Valley

The second day of the journey will be dedicated to exploring the cultural and historical landmarks of Kathmandu Valley. The sightseeing begins with a visit to Pashupatinath Temple, one of the most sacred temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, revered by Hindus worldwide.

Next, we will visit Bauddhanath Stupa, also known as “Little Tibet,” a magnificent Buddhist stupa and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Following this, we will head to Swayambhunath Stupa, famously referred to as the “Monkey Temple,” which offers panoramic views of the valley and holds spiritual significance for Buddhists and Hindus alike.

The day concludes with a visit to Basantapur Durbar Square, a historic site showcasing the architectural marvels and cultural richness of Nepal’s royal history. After completing the day’s exploration, we will return to the hotel to relax and prepare for the trek that begins tomorrow.

Day 03: Drive from Kathmandu to Pokhara (7-8 Hours)

The journey officially begins today. After having breakfast, we will set out on an early morning drive to Pokhara, which takes approximately 7 to 8 hours. The scenic drive will treat you to captivating views of roadside houses, lush forests, and terraced farmlands, all set against the backdrop of rolling hills and distant mountains.

Upon arrival in Pokhara, we will check into our hotel and spend the rest of the day leisurely exploring the beautiful Lakeside area. You can take a peaceful stroll along the shores of Phewa Lake, enjoy the serene environment, and admire the reflection of the Annapurna and Machhapuchhre peaks on the lake’s calm waters.

Day 04: Fly from Pokhara to Jomsom (2,700m) and Trek to Kagbeni (2,858m) – 4 Hours

We will begin the day with an early morning flight from Pokhara to Jomsom, a gateway to the Upper Mustang region. During the flight, you will be mesmerized by the stunning aerial views of the snow-capped mountain ranges, including Annapurna and Dhaulagiri, as well as the rugged terrain below.

Once we land in Jomsom, we will prepare for our trek and start walking toward Kagbeni, often referred to as the “desert of Nepal” due to its unique, arid landscape. The trail will guide us along the Kali Gandaki River, offering spectacular views of the barren, wind-eroded cliffs and surrounding mountain peaks.

Upon reaching Kagbeni, you will find yourself in a quaint village rich in Tibetan-influenced culture, adorned with whitewashed houses, prayer wheels, and ancient chortens. This will be our stop for the night, where you can enjoy the serene environment and prepare for the next day’s adventure.

Day 05: Trek from Kagbeni to Chele (3,050m) – 6 Hours

After obtaining our special trekking permit at Kagbeni, we will embark on our journey toward Chele. The trek takes us through the stark and picturesque desert-like valleys of the Upper Mustang region, an area characterized by its unique, barren landscapes and fascinating geological formations.

The trail is a mix of sandy and windy paths, with frequent ascents and descents that add to the challenge and excitement of the trek. Along the way, you’ll pass through remote settlements, marvel at the vast open spaces, and encounter stunning views of the surrounding hills and cliffs.

As we continue walking, we’ll eventually reach Chele Village, a quaint settlement perched on small ridges. The village offers a glimpse into the local lifestyle and culture, blending traditional Tibetan-influenced architecture and hospitality. Here, we will spend the night, resting and preparing for the next leg of our trek.

Day 06: Trek from Chele to Syangboche (3,475m) – 7 Hours

The trek begins from Chele, continuing toward Syangboche through a captivating and rugged trail. Early in the journey, we pass through Ekle Bhatti, a small settlement, and then ascend gradually to the Taklam La Pass (3,624m), one of the significant highlights of the day.

Walking along plateaus and navigating narrow stretches, we are treated to breathtaking panoramic views of towering peaks such as Tilicho Peak, Damodar Danda, and Yaskawa Kang. The dramatic landscapes and ever-changing scenery make this segment of the trek an unforgettable experience.

The trail challenges us with its ups and downs, but the reward of reaching Syangboche is well worth the effort. Nestled amidst the mountains, this serene village will serve as our resting place for the night, offering stunning views and a sense of accomplishment after a long day of trekking.

Day 07: Trek from Syangboche to Ghaymi (3,520m) – 6 Hours

After enjoying a hearty breakfast, we set off on our trek toward Ghaymi, a picturesque village that holds cultural and natural beauty. The day begins with a steady uphill climb to the Yamada La Pass (3,850m), offering breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.

As we traverse the trail, we encounter several charming teahouses and traditional villages that showcase vibrant Tibetan culture and traditions. The sight of prayer flags fluttering in the wind and mani walls along the way adds to the spiritual ambiance of the trek.

The trek continues as we ascend to the Nyi Pass (4,010m), the highest point of the day. After taking in the stunning panoramic views, we begin a gradual descent through rugged terrain. The descent leads us to the serene Ghaymi Village, where we will spend the night.

This village, surrounded by barren landscapes and colorful cliffs, provides a peaceful environment to relax and recharge for the next day’s adventure.

Day 08: Trek from Ghaymi to Charang (3,500m) – 5 Hours

We begin the day by crossing the Ghaymi Khola and ascending to a high plateau. Along the way, we pass a sacred Mani wall, showcasing Buddhist traditions.

The trail leads us through stunning landscapes before reaching Charang Village, surrounded by fields and traditional Tibetan-style homes. We spend the evening here, soaking in the tranquil atmosphere and resting for the next day’s adventure.

Day 09: Trek from Charang to Lo-Manthang (3,700m) – 6 Hours

After breakfast, we head toward Lo-Manthang following the main trail. The trek offers stunning views of Tilicho, Annapurna I, Nilgiri, and Bhrikuti Peak, adding a breathtaking backdrop to our journey.

Finally, we arrive at Lo-Manthang, where the sweeping view of the valley welcomes us. We spend the evening exploring the area and preparing for the discoveries ahead.

Day 10: Acclimatization at Lo-Manthang

We dedicate the day to exploring Lo-Manthang and acclimatizing to the altitude. The day begins with a visit to Namgyal Gompa, an important hilltop monastery integral to the local community.

We then head to Tingkhar, the last significant village northwest of Lo-Manthang. The day’s exploration allows us to fully immerse ourselves in the cultural and spiritual richness of the region.

Day 11: Trek from Lo-Manthang to Drakmar (3810m) – 7 Hours

The return journey begins as we leave Lo-Manthang and head toward Drakmar. The route takes us through Gyakar, where we visit the ancient Ghar Gompa, a 1,200-year-old monastery dedicated to Guru Rinpoche.

This trek provides opportunities to explore more of the local culture and history. By the day’s end, we arrive at Drakmar, where we rest for the night.

Day 12: Trek from Drakmar to Ghiling (3806m) – 6 Hours

After breakfast, we begin our trek back to Ghiling, aiming to arrive by midday. The afternoon winds can be quite dusty, so it’s best to avoid walking in the evening. Once in Ghiling, we’ll have time to explore the village and its surroundings before returning to our accommodation for the night.

Day 13: Trek from Ghiling to Chhuksang (3050m) – 6 Hours

After breakfast, we begin our trek to Chhuksang along the main trail. The journey will be accompanied by stunning scenery, offering beautiful views along the way. We’ll take a steady pace, and after navigating through some uneven terrain, we’ll reach Chhuksang by the end of the day. We’ll spend the night at a local lodge.

Day 14: Trek from Chhuksang to Jomsom (2700m) – 7 Hours

We begin our trek from Chhuksang towards Jomsom. The journey offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, with towering mountain ranges providing breathtaking sights along the way. As we make our way to Jomsom, the stunning vistas will be a highlight. Upon reaching Jomsom, we will rest for the night.

Day 15: Fly back to Pokhara

In the early morning, we will board a flight back to Pokhara. The flight offers stunning views of snow-capped mountain ranges. Upon arrival in Pokhara, we will take some time to explore the local market at Lakeside and enjoy the surroundings. In the evening, we will return to our hotel and relax, reflecting on our memorable journey.

Day 16: Drive back to Kathmandu

We will begin the day early, catching a glimpse of the sun rising over the snow-capped peaks. After breakfast, we will embark on our journey back to Kathmandu, which will take approximately 7 to 8 hours. Upon arrival, we will be transferred to the hotel to rest after the long journey.

Day 17: Final Departure

On the final day of our trip, we will pack our belongings and prepare for our departure. We will head to Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA), ensuring we arrive 3 hours before our flight. Before heading to the airport, we will attend a small farewell program organized by Nepal High Trek & Expedition Pvt. Ltd. to conclude our memorable journey.